He was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 B.C., when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. 116117, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, p135-36, Lazenby, J.F, The First Punic War, p. 175. Rebel leaders feared mass desertions might result because of Hamilcar's policy towards prisoners. Hamilcar's immediate objective was to secure access to the gold and silver mines of Sierra Morena, either by direct and indirect control. By the time Hamilcar had conquered southern and south-east Spain, Rome became suspicious of their old enemy's intentions. He defeated Rome 's allies at the Battle of Thermae in 259 BC and killed 4,000-6,000 of them with the help of surprise and good use of military intelligence. 285-c. 229 B.C.) Hamilcar next moved to confront the army of Matho at Tunis. [1] L Hamilcar the Carthaginian, son of Hannibal and surnamed Barca, in the First Punic War, but when it was nearly ended, was first put in command of an army in Sicily, when he was a very young man. Hamilcar is the latinization of Hamlkas (Greek: ), the hellenized form of the common Semitic Phoenician-Carthaginian masculine given name MLK (Punic: )[1][2] or MLQRT (),[citation needed] meaning "Melqart's brother". All his family members were employed in the army and made major contributions to . Whatever was the motivation behind this act, it was resented by the mercenaries left behind in Sicily. The rebel loss was 8,000 dead with 4,000 captured. He was the son of Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca (Barca meaning "thunderbolt"). Hanno and Hamilcar unleashed reprisals against the Numidian tribes that had sided with the rebels,[70] and the generals probably extended Carthaginian territory in Africa at the same time. This loss was not huge, but after decades of war, it drove the cash-strapped Carthaginians to instruct Hamilcar to seek peace terms. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). After the defeat of the Carthaginian fleet in that year by Gaius Lutatius Catulus, the Carthaginians made a treaty with the Romans that ended the war. Over the years I've covered thousands of miles and worn holes in even the best walking boots, putting one foot in front of the other to write walking features for this paper. Hamilcar died in battle, most likely drowning in the Jucar River while besieging a place called Helice and trying to escape from a Celtiberian army. The soldiers refused to accept Hamilcar as an arbitrator, angered by his refusal to accompany his army from Sicily and retiring to Carthage as soon as the treaty with Rome was formalized, and although Carthage at this point conceded to all their demands, things soon boiled over and started the conflict known as the Mercenary War. Hamilcar Barca. He divided his army: Hannibal took half of the soldiers and camped to the north of Tunis, while Hamilcar camped to the south, thus hemming in Matho's army in Tunis. After Carthage's defeat by . By winter of 240 BC, the situation had improved for Carthage. America's Black dilemma Massalia had become friendly with Rome over the years, if not an outright ally by 237 BC, and this connection would become a significant factor in the power politics of the region. In 231 BC, a Roman embassy visited Hamilcar in Spain to inquire about his activities. Castellacio, 7 miles north-west of Palermo),[26] and not only maintained himself against all attacks, but carried on with his seaborne raids ranging from Catana[27] in Sicily to as far as Cumae in central Italy. However, [6] The Romans rebuilt their fleet after losing 364 ships in a storm in 255 BC, added 220 new ships, and captured Panormus (modern Palermo) in 254 BC;[7] however, 150 ships were lost in another storm in 253 BC. was a great Carthaginian general and statesman in the First Punic War who firmly established Carthaginian rule in Spain. Carthaginians may have taken control of the mining operations and introduced new technologies to increase production. 50 Carthaginian ships were sunk, 70 captured and 10,000 prisoners taken. Suggesting that the old coin depicts Hannibal simply because the back depicts and elephant seems like wishful thinking. [121] Without Punic records to cross reference, these remain mere supposition. However, as the rebels had no navy, Carthage could draw supplies from the sea and so did not face the threat of starvation. The Book of War; Dwight Jon Zimmerman; 2008. [16] As a result, Hamilcar was given a fairly small army and the Carthaginian fleet was gradually withdrawn; Carthage put most of its ships into reserve to save money and free up manpower,[12][13] so by 242 BC, Carthage had no ships to speak of in Sicily.[17]. Hamilcar offered the prisoners a choice to join his army, or leave Africa with the condition never to take up arms against Carthage. Autaritus announced that he would do the same with all Punic prisoners that fell into rebel hands in future. (Encyclopaedia Britannica . Hamilcar had indeed got his wish that the Barcid line would be no friend of Rome. Hamilcar Barca is a legendary purple general in Evony The King's Return. Moored in the water, we can see a large . He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. This army was small for leading a sortie against the stronger rebel forces, especially to lead into a pitched battle. Dr. Hamilcar Barcas (also called Hamical Balcus in some translations) is one of the primary antagonists of Guyver: The Bioboosted Armour. The expelled mercenaries took refuge in Italy and again requested Rome to take over Sardinia. While harassing Roman troops with guerrilla tactics in western Sicily, Hamilcar staged a landing on the north coast, capturing Mount Ercte (probably Pellegrino near Palermo), which he held in the face of determined Roman attempts to dislodge him (247244). Hamilcar next raided Locri in Bruttium and the area around Brindisi in 247 BC. Roman deserters may have been surrendered on a later date. Hanno, accustomed to fighting Libyans and Numidians, did not anticipate any further trouble and left his army for Utica. Quoting Tony Bath, "The Barca family, which originally came from Cyrene, was a powerful one but not at that time among the first families of Carthage". While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Il mata ensuite une rbellion plus proche de chez lui entre 241 et 237 av. Carthage sent a mercenary force under Hanno to retake the island in 239 BC, but this group also rebelled, killing Hanno and their Carthaginian officers and joining the rebels in Sardinia. Using a blend of terror and diplomacy Hamilcar relentlessly expanded his control over southern Spain. Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. Buy History Of Ancient Carthage - Hamilcar Barca - Punic War Tank Top: Shop top fashion brands Tanks & Camis at Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY and Returns possible on eligible purchases Amazon.com: History Of Ancient Carthage - Hamilcar Barca - Punic War Tank Top : Clothing, Shoes & Jewelry Hanno the Great was given command of the Punic army, which was raised from Carthaginian citizens and mercenaries recruited from abroad, plus cavalry squadrons and 100 elephants. The end finally came on 10th March 241 BCE when the Romans defeated a Carthaginian fleet led by Hanno sent to relieve the besieged city of Drepana off the Aegates Islands (Isole Egadi). of 1 The Encyclopedia of Military Biography; Trevor N. Dupuy and others; 1995. By 231 BC, Hamilcar Barca had consolidated his Iberian territorial gains and established the city of Akra Leuke (Alicante),[108][109] probably in 235 BC, to guard Punic holdings, and possibly took over the area of Massalian colonies near the mouth of Sucro River. luminat) i no era un nom familiar sin un renom personal, encara que a la seva famlia se la distingeix desprs amb el nom dels Barca o Barcins. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. Furthermore, Hamilcar allied with Hasdrubal the Fair,[80] his future son in law, to restrict the power of the aristocracy, which was led by Hanno the Great,[81] as well as gain immunity from prosecution. Hamlicar bristled at the terms of the treaty, which obligated Carthage to pay Rome a huge indemnity and to surrender all land in Sicily. [86] Hamilcar's political clout in Carthage may have been enough to stifle any opposition in Carthage against his Iberian venture,[87] or he did face stiff opposition and had used the booty from his Iberian campaigns to buy his way out. 275 - 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. World History Encyclopedia. [69] The Punic generals pursued Matho's army and won several small-scale engagements. Hey, this is another piece I wrote, this time a mini biography. In the same year, both Hippacra and Utica joined the rebels. While Hamilcar won no large-scale battle or recaptured any cities lost to the Romans, he waged a relentless campaign against the enemy, and caused a constant drain on Roman resources. As the cavalry and then the elephants came closer to the infantry Hamilcar ordered each in turn to also wheel about to face the rebels. The Barca family originated from the celebrated Numidian warriors. "Death Date: 229. During the Second Punic War, Hannibal inflicted crushing defeats on Roman armies, particularly in the battle of Cannae where 70,000 Romans died following the engagement. After mustering their forces, a decisive battle was fought probably near the town of Leptis Minor. The new joiners were armed with equipment captured from the rebels. Furthermore, Hamilcar had invited Hanno the Great to join forces and try to end the rebellion as quickly as possible, but the generals failed to cooperate. They had remained in power throughout the Mercenary War and had advocated Hanno's position over Hamilcar's more than once. Hamilcar had three sons, Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago, who were all to have distinguished military careers. The answer was Spain. https://www.worldhistory.org/Hamilcar_Barca/. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas ( c. 275-228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Hamilcar and the Barcid line would now dominate the Carthaginian political and military arenas for the next 35 years. In 244 BC, Hamilcar transferred his army at night by sea[29] to a similar position on the slopes of Mt. Hasdrubal the Fair commanded the fleet[84] carrying supplies and elephants along the coast, keeping pace with the army. "Hamilcar Barca." Spendius rallied his forces, was reinforced by a detachment largely made of Gauls under Autaritus and shadowed Hamilcar as he advanced south east, keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry and harassing their enemy at every possible opportunity. Their heavy handedness with Sardinian natives caused native Sardinians to attack and expel the mercenaries by 237 BC. 18 Jan 2023. Carthage faced a joint rebellion of mercenary troops, understandably upset at not having been paid for their efforts in the first Punic War, Libyan groups seizing the opportunity of a weakened Carthage to rebel, and several cities looking for independence such as Tunis and Utica. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Hamirukaru Barukasu) (also: Hamical Balcus, Hamilcar Valkus) known as Barcas 'The Elder' (, Barukasu ), he is one of the main antagonists of Guyver: Bioboosted Armour and the co-founder of Chronos, the third eldest member of theCouncil of Twelve, as well as Chronos's most brilliant scientist. i. p. 391; Auson. Discover Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General by Charles River Editors and millions of other books available at Barnes & Noble. Hamilcar was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 BC, when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. As Carthage no longer had the resources for a large army, he could not face the enemy in an all-out battle, but he did manage to capture Eryx in 244 BCE, which became his new base. The war started to improve for Carthage when they were aided by Rome, who repatriated captured Carthaginian soldiers for free, and the tyrant of Syracuse Hiero, who feared that without Carthage then Rome might act at will in the central Mediterranean. [36] The better-trained Roman fleet[37] defeated a hastily raised, undermanned and ill-trained Punic fleet at battle of the Aegates Islands in 241 BC, cutting Sicily off from Carthage. Not only did the Carthaginians lose the First Punic War and so the control of Sicily but they were also compelled to pay huge reparations to Rome. Hamilcar Barca | Father of Hannibal and Enemy of Rome | Carthaginian History 2,359 views Apr 22, 2022 144 Dislike Share Serapeum 2.07K subscribers I guess this can be counted as the spiritual. He is responsible for designing and . 68, 69, Punica Barcino, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, pp95, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamilcar_Barca&oldid=1118409183, Carthaginian commanders of the First Punic War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with German-language sources (de), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. (Barca meaning Thunderbolt) Who was Hannibal's father? Certainly, tribute in money, if not men, was extracted from local cities and new silver mines were worked. found: The Encyclopedia Americana, c1992: p. 736 (Hamilcar Barca, d. 229 B.C. All the black African looking coins have been carbon dated around the time that Hannibal was alive, but the Semitic looking coins are dated roughly a century or more after Hannibals death. The success of Hamilcar and his family in Spain, which rebuilt Carthaginian finances and created a standing army, giving Carthage the means to resist Rome. For at a time when some say Hannibal was black and others that he was white, De Sousa tells us (and other ancient Iberian historians agree) that Hamilcar Barca had taken a Lusitanian woman as bride and had children by her. The five coins not recognized portray Hannibal with strong West African ethnic features. Carthage was a mixture of indigenous black Africans, Berber tribesmen, Semitic Arabs, white Celtic Germanic warriors, Greek sojourners, and white Libyan tribesmen that existed when many Phoenician cities and colonies decorated North Africa. He distinguished himself during the First Punic War in 247, when he took over the chief command in Sicily, which at . Since the coin was found near Lake Trasimene where Hannibal defeated the Romans, this fact offers good confirmation that coins image resembled Hannibals real ethnic appearance because one of way of celebrating a victory in ancient warfare was to have a coin minted in your honor and showing yourself as your enemys deity. Nothing had come of these supposed episodes and some scholars doubt their authenticity. [112] It is possible that Hamilcar died battling the Vettoni, who lived across the Tagus west of Toledo and to the north of Turduli and northwest of Oretani territory. The second daughter was married to Hasdrubal the Fair. Sicily had been the principal battleground but had yet to see a decisive victory for either side. The Carthaginian leadership probably thought Rome had been defeated and invested little manpower in Sicily. While Carthage was busy settling state affairs, Spendius and Matho decided to blockade the city from the landward side. Hamilcar Barca ( #89-A-8926 ) < Previous Employment Profile Next Employment Profile > Employment; Skills. He was the father of Hannibal Barca who continued his father's tactics and won major land battles in Italy during the Second Punic War. Rome forbade Italian traders to trade with rebels and encouraged trade with Carthage, freed Punic prisoners without ransom, and allowed Carthage to recruit mercenaries from Roman territories and flatly refused the invitation from Utica, Hippo and Sardinia to occupy these areas. [68] Hamilcar retreated north near the mouth of the Bagradas River, while Matho crucified his prisoners on the same crosses Hamilcar had used to crucify the rebel leaders, then retreated out of Tunis and moved south. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275 - 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Hercte west of Panormus. ; Carthaginian general; commanded Carthage's forces in Sicily (247-241) during the First Punic War against Rome; traveled to Spain (237) to rebuild Carthaginian influences there; drowned during the withdrawal from the siege of Helice in 229) However his popular influence among the people frightened any Senators off attempting to bring him to trial. Then the so-called Truceless War (also Mercenary War) broke out in 241 BCE. The total investment volume is $500 million . He fights with a sword and shield, which could mean he fights as either a Murmillo, Thraex, or Samnite. Lance Serge states that Hamilcar's family was part of the landed aristocracy of Carthage. Thank you! Whatever the case, Hamilcar enjoyed uninterrupted command in Iberia during his stay there. The Carthaginian army was caught in a pincer movement; Hamilcar pretended to retreat, and Spendius likely attempted to trap the outnumbered Carthaginians against the river with his two forces, pinning them with one and out-flanking them with the other. [63] The people's assembly chose Hannibal of Paropos, son of another Hamilcar and a veteran of the First Punic War as Hamilcar's deputy. According to Polybius and Livy, Hannibal's father Hamilcar Barca made the 9-year-old Hannibal dip his hand in blood and swear an oath of hatred against Rome. By 490 BC, Massalia had managed to defeat Carthage twice, and a boundary along Cape Nao in Iberia was agreed upon,[102] while Carthage had closed the Straits of Gibraltar to foreign shipping. Corn Fleuron T083009-22.png 1,086 649; 65 KB. Finally, with the fall of the rebel capital in 237 BCE, Hippacra and Utica back on the Carthaginian side, and Libya now compliant, Carthage had regained control of its African empire. World History Encyclopedia. He then left Ercte for Mount Eryx (modern Erice near Trapani), which he held until 241. By the winter of 238 BC, the Mercenary revolt was over. Hannibal Barca was one of the great generals of ancient times. Hamilcar had split his forces in the winter of 228 BC, Hasdrubal the Fair was sent on a separate campaign, while Hamilcar besieged an Iberian town, then sent the bulk of his troops to winter quarters at Akra Leuke. The exact location of this valley has never been conclusively identified. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. HAMILCAR. Rebels opposing this were stoned and Gisco and his fellow prisoners were tortured to death. Still, without a significant force at his disposal (fewer than 20,000 men) and despite Polybius' praise that he was the best Carthaginian general of the war, Hamilcar's effect on the conflict was ultimately a limited one. Carthage's failure to prevent the establishment of Massalia[100] by Phocaean Greeks in 600 BC had created a rival that eventually came to dominate trade in Gaul and to plant colonies in Catalonia, at Mainke near Mlaga,[101] three colonies near the mouth of Sucro, and at Alalia in Corsica. Livy states Hanno son of Hamilcar in 204 BC left Carthage with 4,000 cavalry and never came back. Valerius Maximus has Hamilcar speak of "four lion's whelps which I have raised to exterminate the Roman name. [31] He removed the population to Drepana. One of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, Browse 50 hamilcar barca stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Hannibal's father, Hamilcar Barca, general of the Carthaginian mercenaries, was infuriated about the western Mediterranean losses of Sicily and Sardinia. [15] Carthage did not take advantage of their naval supremacy and carry the war to Italy other than launching a few raids. When the Mercenary War burst out in 239BC, Hamilcar was recalled to command and was instrumental in concluding that conflict successfully. From mountain bases near Palermo he made repeated raids on the Romans and relieved the Punic garrison in Lilybaeum. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. Then the enterprising Hamilcar Barca came to the fore. After the trapped rebels ran out of food, pack animals and cavalry horses and finally resorted to cannibalism, Spendius, Autaritus and Zarzas, accompanied by seven others, went to Hamilcar's camp to seek terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Hamilcar Barca (ca. Greek piracy had forced Carthage to team up with the Etruscans to drive the Greeks from Corsica, and destroy the colony at Mainke in Iberia. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Hamilcar refused and slaughtered all of them except for the commanders. Hamilcar Barca (ca. Worldhistory.us - For those who want to understand the History, not just to read it. Shop paperbacks, eBooks, and more! There was no other city like it. Carthage would pay 2,200 silver talents in 10 year installments, and 1,000 talents immediately; a total of 3,200 talents as war reparations. Thus, in 241, the First Punic War drew to a close with the establishment of a new imperial power in the West. Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. Cartwright, Mark. Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. He then landed on the north coast of Sicily, seizing Mt. The Iberian army fled before the battle was joined. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout, Merlot II, OER Commons and School Library Journal. Without a significant fleet and having lost their strategically important fortresses in Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia, the Carthaginians, though, had to look elsewhere for a source of money to fund their armies. First, Hamilcar broke the rebel siege of Carthage and then defeated an army led by Spendius near the Bagradas River. J.-C.) tait un gnral carthaginois actif lors de la premire guerre punique (264-241 av. They chose Hamilcar. In 237 BCE Hamilcar had famously taken his son, then nine years old, to the temple of Baal in Carthage and made him swear never to be a friend of Rome. & # x27 ; s Return resented by the winter of 240 BC Hamilcar! Decisive victory for either side requires login ) thunderbolt & quot ; thunderbolt & quot ; thunderbolt & ;! 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May be some discrepancies the primary antagonists of Guyver: the Encyclopedia Americana, c1992: 736! And had advocated Hanno 's position over Hamilcar 's policy towards prisoners & ;... By 237 BC of this valley has never been conclusively identified like wishful.! Want to understand the History, not just to read it youve and. Of Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca is a legendary purple general in Evony the King & x27. Mustering their forces, a Roman embassy visited Hamilcar in 204 BC left with! Loss was 8,000 dead with 4,000 cavalry and never came back wish that the Barcid line would no! With Sardinian natives caused native Sardinians to attack and expel the mercenaries left behind in Sicily in. Whe Publishing Director Evony the King & # x27 ; s father ] the generals! Did not anticipate any further trouble and left his army, or Samnite command in Sicily )! Of Sicily, seizing Mt stoned and Gisco and his fellow prisoners were tortured to.. 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